The Cold War Roots of Colombia’s Paramilitary Death Squads

The emergence of bloodthirsty right-wing paramilitary death squads in Colombia is often attributed to the rise of powerful vertically integrated cocaine cartels during the early 1980s. That interpretation, however, overlooks the deeper forces behind their emergence in a country shaped by decades of conflict and the world’s longest-running multi-party low-intensity asymmetric war. Colombia’s right-wing death squads, responsible for the majority of the modern conflict’s victims, predate Pablo Escobar, the Medellin Cartel and the cocaine boom. Their roots lie in earlier struggles for political power and control of Colombia’s resources. A violent past Informal armed groups were responsible for much of…