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Author: Abdul Rahman Yaacob, ANU November 2021 marks the 50th Anniversary of the Five Forces Defense Arrangement (FPDA), a consultative defense mechanism involving Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore. Its future is likely to be challenged given the dynamics of Australia’s defense relationship with Indonesia and the establishment of AUKUS, a military pact between Australia, Britain and the United States. The FPDA was formed in 1971 in part because of the British withdrawal from Southeast Asia and the potential security threat from Indonesia. As relations between Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore warmed during the 1970s and 1980s, the FPDA...
