China foreign policy 2023 US-China relations China-India

However, the latter half of the year marked a discernible moderation in China's approach towards the West, suggesting a softening of ' wolf warrior diplomacy' and a potential easing of tensions. This period provided valuable insights, shedding light on the areas where China faces formidable challenges and where it remains steadfast in its policy positions. Throughout 2023, China navigated a difficult landscape characterised by strained ties with the United States, persistent calls from the European Union for de-risking, India's unwavering stance on the border issue, and the Philippines' emergence as a credible contender in the South China Sea. These circumstances…